Emona 101 Trainer Lab Manual

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Emona Volume 1 Experiments in Modern Analog & Digital Telecommunications. The ETT-101 Laboratory Manuals (Vol.1, Vol.2, Vol.3, Vol.4 and Electronic Circuit Projects Manual) provide a turn-key solution for the teacher and student alike. These lab manuals are specially written to guide students through hands-on experiments and help them grasp the fundamental concepts of telecommunications.

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by Emona Tims

The Emona FOTEx add-on board and lab manual provide a complete lab program in the key concepts of the transmission and manipulation of optical signals in a modern fiber optic communication system. The add-on board is fully integrated with NI ELVIS virtual instruments and self contains all required electrical and optical components needed to perform the experiments. The initial chapters introduce NI ELVIS and FOTEx while the subsequent chapters cover digital communication topics. Access to the complete volume of the Emona FOTEx add-on board lab manual is provided upon purchase of the product.

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Students will gain a comprehensive understanding of optical signals in a modern fiber optic communications systems
Students will develop a background in the important digitial communcaitons topics of of digitization, encoding, and mulitplexing.
Students will gain a deeper mathematical understanding of fiber optic communcation systesm due to the engineering 'modeling' nature of the FOTEx trainer.

COURSE ALIGNMENT

Level	University
Topic	Fiber Optic Communcations
Style	Laboratory
Prerequisite Skills	Introductory Physics

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE NI ELVIS II TEST EQUIPMENT

This experiment introduces students to the NI ELVIS II digital multimeter, variable DC power supplies, oscilloscope and function generator. This lesson also provides a startup procedure for using the oscilloscope for future experiments.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE FOTEX ELECTRONICS MODULES

This experiment introduces students to several of the Emona FOTEx's (non-optical) modules that are required by most of the experiments in the manual.

PCM ENCODING

Students will use the PCM Encoder module on the Emona FOTEx to convert the following to PCM: a fixed DC voltage, a variable DC voltage and a continuously changing signal. In the process, students will verify the operation of PCM encoding.

PCM DECODING

Students will use the Emona FOTEx to convert a sinewave to a PCM data stream then convert it to the 'stepped' version of the message using the PCM Decoder. Students will investigate the spectral composition of the signal and use the PCM Decoder module's output to reconstruct the message.

SAMPLING AND NYQUIST IN PCM

Students will use the Emona FOTEx to convert a sinewave to a PCM data stream then convert it back to an analog signal using the PCM Decoder module and the 3kHz Low-pass Filter module.

TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (TDMA)

For the experiment students will use the Emona FOTEx to set up a single-channel PCM communications system with an analog input. After which, students will modify the set-up to encode transmit, decode, and reconstruct two analog signals to implement a dual-channel PCM - TDM system and model a simple tow node TDMA telecommunications system.

LINE CODING AND BIT-CLOCK REGISTRATION

For this experiment students will examine the four FOTEx line code equivalents for a 31-bit TTL digital data signal in the time domain and compare them to their theoretically predicted waveshape. Next students will examin signal in the frequency domain. Finally students implement a PCM encoding-decoding system using the board's bit-clock regenerator module.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE FOTEX FIBER OPTICS COMPONENTS*

This experiment provides an introduction to the fiber optic components available on the FOTEx experimental add-on board. Students will know more about the basic operation of optical fibers and optical communication devices such as couplers, filters, transmitters, and receivers. *This module requires the additional Emona FOTex-Series-II Kit. This kit can be purchased directly from Emona (P/N: ETT-211-32)

GUIDING LIGHT USING TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION*

This experiment aims to give student practical experiments with equations, calculations, and the experimental measurement of the angle and intensity of incident, reflected and refracted beams due to changes in refractive index. Students will be introduced to the phenomenon of total internal reflection and will measure the acceptance angle and numerical aperture of a plastic optical fiber. *This module requires the additional Emona FOTex-Series-II Kit. This kit can be purchased directly from Emona (P/N: ETT-211-32)

LOSSES IN FIBER OPTIC NETWORKS*

For this experiment students will investigate the effects of optical reflection, scattering and absorption which are the principal causes of losses in fiber optic networks. Students will also quantify losses of these kinds both as a percentage and as an attenuation figure in decibels. *This module requires the additional Emona FOTex-Series-II Kit. This kit can be purchased directly from Emona (P/N: ETT-211-32)

POLARIZATION*

For this experiment students will explore and manipulate the polarization of light, comparing the polarization of beams from a laser and an LED and use equations to predict the theoretical intensity of light passed by a polarized placed at an angle to a linearly polarized light beam. This experiment also introduces quarter-wave plates to build an optical isolator. *This module requires the additional Emona FOTex-Series-II Kit. This kit can be purchased directly from Emona (P/N: ETT-211-32)

BENDING LOSSES IN FIBER OPTIC SYSTEMS *

This experiment explores the reduction in the light guiding efficiency of fibers due to bending. At the end of the experiment students will have observed and measured light loss due to a bending as a function of bending radius. Students will have an appreciation of the importance of maintaining the quality of the interface between the fiber core and cladding. *This module requires the additional Emona FOTex-Series-II Kit. This kit can be purchased directly from Emona (P/N: ETT-211-32)

CONNECTORS*

This experiment aims to familiarize you with connections between fibers. On completion, students should be familiar with the losses associated with connector and the minimization of back reflection losses using index matching. Students should also be more familiar with loss measurement calculations. *This module requires the additional Emona FOTex-Series-II Kit. This kit can be purchased directly from Emona (P/N: ETT-211-32)

Emona telecoms-trainer 101 lab manual pdf

COUPLERS*

This experiment aims to familiarize students with general coupler principles. On completion, students will appreciate and be able to measure some important characteristics of couplers including insertion loss, excess loss and back reflection. Students should also be more familiar with common types of fiber optic measurement and experience some of the measurement pitfalls. *This module requires the additional Emona FOTex-Series-II Kit. This kit can be purchased directly from Emona (P/N: ETT-211-32)

WAVELENGTH FILTERS*

This experiment aims to familiarize students with wavelength filters; simple devices that extract light of a single color from a signal comprising light of different colors. Students will quantify the losses of both red and green filters when transmitting red or green lights and consider how effective the would be at isolating a signal carried by light of a single color form a mixture of different colored light signals. *This module requires the additional Emona FOTex-Series-II Kit. This kit can be purchased directly from Emona (P/N: ETT-211-32)

ANALOG FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS

Students will characterize the nature of analog (light) signal communications, starting by looking at the properties of the FOTEx LED transmitters to select the most applicable analog drive signals. Next students will determine the most appropriate setting to detect the light sent via a fiber in preparation for transmitting a model analog message. Students then complete the experiment by transmitting a complex message (speech) signal without distortion.

PCM - TDM 'T1' IMPLEMENTATION

Students will use the Emona FOTEx to set up a single-channel PCM communications system with an analog input. After which, they will modify the setup to encode, transmit, decode, and reconstruct two analog signals to implement a dual-channel PCM - TDM system and model a simple TDM telecommunications system. Students will compare the effectiveness of a copper wire versus an optical channel for this communication scheme.

WAVELENGTH DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (WDM)

For this experiment students will use the Emona FOTEx to transmit two discrete message signals along an optical fiber in the same direction with light of different color by using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). Students will use the set-up to investigate the need for color filtering to recover just one of the messages. Ultimately students will set up a WDM with TDM to transmit and receive three channels of information.

NI ELVIS II/II+

The NI Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite (NI ELVIS) is a versatile laboratory platform that enables educators to teach over 20 different courses across science and engineering departments. The NI ELVIS integrates 12 common lab instruments including an oscilloscope, function... Learn more

Emona FOTEx Add-on Board

The Emona FOTEx Add-on Board is a hands-on, experimental approach to teaching introductory digital and optical communication topics such as encoding, multiplexing, polarization, and many more. Learn more

LabVIEW

LabVIEW is systems engineering software for applications that require test, measurement, and control with rapid access to hardware and data insights. Learn more

Required Software

Download Academic Software, Learn About Software Licensing

LabVIEW (Requires License)
ELVISmx

Required Hardware

Purchase Engineering Education Products

NI ELVIS II/II+ - View SpecificationsView User Manual
Emona FOTEx add-on board - View Specifications

These labs have related concepts that can expand student experience.

Signals and Systems Labs for Emona SIGEx Add-on Board

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by Emona Tims

The complete lab manual is designed to teach signals and systems concepts with LabVIEW graphical programming and the NI ELVIS platform, including spectrum analysis, time domain analysis, sampling and aliasing, analog-digital conversion, and discrete-time filters. The manual enables students to patch together continuous time and discrete-time systems in real hardware for circuit theory, digital signal processing and signals and system courses. It can be used to teach topics such as convolution, integration, and perform time domain analysis, sampling and aliasing as well as explore poles and zeros with Infinite impulse response (IIR) systems. The EMONA SIGEx board and comprehensive Lab Manual closely follow the typical curriculum encountered by engineering students and is based on leading textbooks on this topic. Access to the complete volume of the Emona SIGEx add-on board lab manual is provided upon purchase of the product.

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LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Students develop a comprehensive understanding of abstract signals and systems principles
Students utilize a suite of LabVIEW VIs to generate, view, and record signals from the SIGEx add-on board
Students use NI ELVIS technology to experiment with scaled models of real world systems, allowing students to get a tangible feel for complex systems they will encounter in commercial environnments later on

COURSE ALIGNMENT

Level	University
Topic	Signal Processing
Style	Laboratory
Prerequisite Skills	Basic knowledge of signal processing

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE NI ELVIS II/+ TEST EQUIPMENT

Students are introduced to the SIGEx soft front panel and ELVISmx instruments used in the experiments.

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SIGEX EXPERIMENTAL ADD-ON BOARD

For this experiment students will familiarize themselves with the various instruments available on the SIGEx board and how they are used.

SPECIAL SIGNALS – CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS

Students investigate how signals are distorted when a system's response is affected by inertia, and discover signals that are useful for probing a system's behavior. The lab also introduces how these systems respond to sine wave inputs. Finally, students are guided in creating clipped signals.

SYSTEMS: LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR

Students discover the special role of sinusoids in linear systems and apply linearity tests to various systems.

UNRAVELING CONVOLUTION

Students carry out a step-by-step dissection of the convolution process in a discrete-time system.

INTEGRATION, CORRELATION & MATCHED FILTERS

Students investigate the processes of integration, convolution, correlation, and 'matched filters'. Students see these processes in action with real signals in the time domain and learn their use in practical applications.

EXPLORING COMPLEX NUMBERS AND EXPONENTIALS

Students learn the fundamentals of complex numbers and the exponential and their significance in signals analysis.

BUILD A FOURIER SERIES ANALYZER

Students compose arbitrary periodic signals from a series of sine and cosine waves, confirm the Fourier series equation, compute Fourier coefficients of a waveform, and build a Fourier Series analyzer.

SPECTRUM ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS SIGNAL TYPES

Students use a spectrum analyzer to observe real signals in the frequency domain, and discover important relationships between time and frequency domain characteristics of various classes of signals.

TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF AN RC CIRCUIT

Students will analyze the RC circuit using steps, impulses, exponential pulses, and sinusoids to compare theory and practical results. Students then will synthesize and test an RC network using a 1st order feedback structure.

POLES AND ZEROS IN THE LAPLACE DOMAIN

Students discover how poles and zeros can be used to visualize frequency responses graphically at a glance, in a minimal-math zone. Students will be able to use this knowledge to intuitively design low order continuous-time responses.

SAMPLING AND ALIASING

Students explore the relationship between sampling rates and aliasing to gain an intuitive understanding of sampling theorems and best practices for minimum sampling rates.

GETTING STARTED WITH ANALOG-DIGITAL CONVERSION

Students experiment with the analog to digital conversion using pulse code modulation, learning the decoding process, quantization issues, and reconstruction of the output signal.

DISCRETE-TIME FILTERS WITH FIR SYSTEMS

Students relate the response of a discrete-time FIR filter to its transfer function, and use the zeros of the transfer function to visualize frequency responses graphically. Students use this knowledge to intuitively design low order discrete-time responses.

POLES AND ZEROS IN THE Z PLANE WITH IIR SYSTEMS